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Juvenile Law Center, founded in 1975, is the oldest non-profit, public interest law firm for children in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Us - Juvenile Law Center )〕 Juvenile Law Center works nationally to shape and use the law on behalf of children in the child welfare and justice systems to promote fairness, prevent harm, ensure access to appropriate services, and create opportunities for success. Juvenile Law Center works to protect and advance children's rights in state and federal courts, legislatures, and executive agencies. Its strategies include litigation, appellate advocacy, submission of ''amicus curiae'' (friend-of-the-court) briefs, policy reform, public education, professional education and training, and strategic communications.〔 Juvenile Law Center's advocacy has contributed to several landmark United States Supreme Court rulings benefiting court-involved youth: * Eliminated the death penalty for juveniles (''Roper v. Simmons'', 2005)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roper v. Simmons - Juvenile Law Center )〕 *Eliminated juvenile life without parole sentences in non-homicide cases (''Graham v. Florida'', 2010)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Legal Docket - Juvenile Law Center )〕 *Found that age is relevant in determining whether minors can reasonably believe that they are "in custody" and therefore subject to a Miranda warning (''J.D.B. v. North Carolina'', 2011)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=J.D.B. v. State of North Carolina - Juvenile Law Center )〕 * Eliminated mandatory life without parole sentences for juveniles (''Miller v. Alabama; Jackson v. Hobbs'', 2012)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Miller v. Alabama; Jackson v. Hobbs - Juvenile Law Center )〕 Juvenile Law Center has been recognized for its efforts on behalf of children.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Honors - Juvenile Law Center )〕 Notably, in 2008, Juvenile Law Center became one of only eight organizations in the world to receive the MacArthur Award for Creative and Effective Institutions from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.〔http://www.macfound.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=lkLXJ8MQKrH&b=3964259&ct=5119809¬oc=1〕 ==History== Juvenile Law Center was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1975 by four Temple University Beasley School of Law graduates: Robert Schwartz, Marsha Levick, Judith Chomsky, and Philip Margolis. Two founders remain at the organization today—Robert Schwartz as Executive Director and Marsha Levick as Deputy Director and Chief Counsel.〔 Juvenile Law Center originally operated as a walk-in legal clinic for any youth in Philadelphia with a legal problem. It grew from that walk-in clinic to a statewide organization and has since grown to a national public interest law firm for children, filing its first brief in the United States Supreme Court in 1983.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Introducing "Pursuing Justice," Juvenile Law Center's new blog! - Juvenile Law Center )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Schall v. Martin - Juvenile Law Center )〕 Recently, Juvenile Law Center played a central role in exposing the Luzerne County, Pennsylvania "kids-for-cash" scandal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Luzerne County Kids-for-Cash Scandal - Juvenile Law Center )〕 Juvenile Law Center has expanded its reach to assist advocates and policymakers abroad who likewise aim to secure legal rights and protections for children in their own countries.〔http://www.ucc.ie/en/news/fullstory-114701-en.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juvenile Law Center」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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